DESIGN PRINCIPLES - EXERCISES




29.08.2018 (Week 1 - Week 6 )
Rausha Aminath (0337000)
Design Principles
Exercises & Projects 




INSTRUCTIONS




Lecture 1
Module briefing | Contrast

Ms.Sheri started our class with a brief introduction to our module and what we will be covering in our class today, which is contrast.
Contrast refers to the arrangement of opposite elements (colors, shapes, sizes etc.) to create a visual interest. It creates focus which easily catches viewers attention. 
Examples Shown in Class for Contrast
Then we moved on to creating our own contrast image. Ms.Sheri asked us to create a piece of artwork with only black and white, which shows great contrast, without the use of any letters. We were allowed to use ay type of reference.
I started sketching and the only thing I was coming up with was portraits so I used a graphic portrait as reference and created my first contrast work. 
Reference for Contrast Attempt 1
First Attempt on Contrast

As my original art pieces are charcoal portraits, it gave me a great idea to use my favorite things to show contrast.  Therefor I took a reference photo of a girl and started drawing with charcoal and creating contrast with it.
Reference for Final Contrast Work
My Final Contrast Work

I used the eyes and the blank space for the hands as a high contrast. Making those the focal points of the artwork. I wanted to create high contrast with the use of more charcoal for the hair and slightly decreasing the ratio for the face. I wanted to show just more than obvious contrast and therefor wanted the artwork to have some meaning to it so I made the eyes and the face more dramatic by adding more contrast to the eyes and around the eyes. 

FEEDBACK
Ms.Sherry found my contrast piece a bit different from all the other pieces as she saw more emotions portrayed in it. She said she loved seeing a lot of contrast and it has kind of a scary looked but overall it was a really nice work with lots of contrast. 


Lecture 2
Gestalt Principles 

Gestalt is psychology term which means "Unified Whole". The obervation that humans naturally perceive as organized patters and objects.  The observation made with certain principles that humans naturally perceive objects as organized patterns and objects. The gestalt principles includes similarity, continuation, closure, proximity, figure and ground. 
-   Similarity occurs when objects look similar to one another and is often perceived as a group or pattern
- The principle of continuity dictates that once the eye begins to follow something, it will continue traveling in that direction until it encounters another object
-  Closure is related to continuity in that it asks the eye to eye to complete a path. As long as enough essential information is present, the mind supplies the missing pieces of an object
-  Proximity occurs when the objects are placed together perceived as a group
- Figure / Ground is when the eye differentiates an object form its surrounding area. A form, silhouette, or shape is naturally perceived as figure (object), while the surrounding area is perceived as ground (background)

Examples of Gestalt

Ms. Sheri asked us to start working on our own gestalt principle piece. We were only allowed to use black and white paper and were to complete the artwork for the next class. I started looking at examples are what came to mind while going through it I came across a double exposure photo of a man in a suit and when I saw the tie I pictured it and it worked when I sketched it.
The photo I used for reference

My work on Gestalt Principles

I got the idea from the knot of the tie the shadow of the collars and I saw a girl in a dress. I knew I had to make adjustments so I made the tie a bit wider to indicate a a dress and used the shadow to create the hands of the girl.

FEEDBACK
Ms.Anis really liked my work. She said that it really showed Gestalt and my cutting was very nice and straight.
Ms.Sherry also really loved my work. She said that it is what she really asked for, another image seen within the main image. She said she really had to work to see the other image and the image was different from the main image. Its simple and very nice. She was impressed with how I came up with the idea.

Lecture 3:
Asymmetry, Symmetry, Balance and Dominance

We started the class with handing over our assignments done over the weekend. We had to choose a designer from South East Asia and write some details about their work and education background and pictures of their works. I chose an animation designer from Singapore. Below is my research work.

Then the group with Asymmetry Symmetry Balance Dominance/ Emphasis.
- Symmetry is when elements are arranged in same way on both sides of axis
- Asymmetry is when the arrangement of elements are different on both sides of an axis
- Balance is the distribution of visual weight of objects, colors, texture and space in a composition
- Dominance / Emphasis is when the dominant element in a design is the one with the greatest visual weight.
Asymmetry (Left) Symmetry (Right)
Emphasis/Dominance (Left) Balance (Right)


We were tasked to choose one and create an artwork with paint that shows it. I chose Dominance/ Emphasis.





Reference Photos Used for Final Work
Practice as Emphasis / Dominance

Practice at Emphasis / Dominance

Final Work on Emphasis / Dominance


FEEDBACK
Ms.Sheri said that I have fully achieved the goal of the assignment. She liked my painting. Most of all the painting in the back, the way the painting becomes lighter at the back. However, she recommends painting or drawing places we have been to.

Lecture 4: 
Pattern, Repetition, Texture, and Surface.

- Pattern is any regularly repeated arrangement, especially a design made from repeated lines, shapes or colors on a surface
- Repetition is repeating single element many times ins a design. Reusing the same ir similar elements throughout your design
- Texture is the quality of an object which we sense through touch. It exists in a literal surface we can feel, but also as a surface we can see. Texture can be portrayed in an image
- Surface is the outermost/uppermost layer of a physical object/space. It allows us to see things in 2 dimensional perspective but we would know what it is made of.
We were supposed to choose at least one of the above and create an art piece that represents it. I chose pattern and repetition.
Texture (Left) Surface (Right)
Repetition (Left) Pattern (Right)

Reference for Leaf Print



The above photos inspired my work. I planned on working with something easy and I had the idea of using leaves and saw some good examples.
Attempt at Pattern and Repetition

Final Work on Texture
I tried to make it work with colors but I personally liked the simple print with white background and detailed prints in dark green. It has a minimalistic affect.

Feedback
Ms.Sherry liked my work. She liked my 1st  attempt most as it had contrasting colors, specially red. She said that I did a good job.

Lecture 5:
Alignment, Hierarchy, Placement and Direction

- Direction
- Alignment is the arrangement of visual elements so they line up in a composition. Four types are Edge, Center, Visual/Optical Alignment.
- Hierarchy is the arrangement or presentation of elements in a way that implies importance.  The 4 methods to create hierarchy is scale, contrast, white space, proximity.
- Placement is the the change and position of shapes or objects that can affect the visual depth and composition of an artwork.
Alignment (Left) Direction (Right)

Hierarchy (Left) Placement (Right)


Reference for Collage 
First Attempt at Alignment
While I was going through the magazine, I noticed the picture in the middle and I got hooked on to the photo and I wanted to create something using the photo so I started gathering black and White photos mostly to make it look a less messy and have a little bit of minimalistic look. I wanted to use very light colors.
Final Work on Alignment and Placement

I worked on a second piece as I also loved the colors that I saw in most of the magazines and the patterns on most pieces were really nice and I got inspired to collage it all together and create something I never really did before.

FEEDBACK
Ms.Sherry my first attempt. She said that it shows alignment very well. The artwork looks quiet and peaceful and she liked the photo in the middle.

Lecture 6:
Dots, Lines, Size, Scale

- Dots are the building blocks of everything else, Every shape, form, mass, or blob with a center is a dot regardless of its size.
- Lines are used to separate objects or show rhythm
- Size: How big all small an element is in relation to other object. Used to convey important, attract attention and create contrast
- Scale: Refers to the Size of an object in relationship to another object.

Dots (Left) Lines (Right)

Size (Left) Scale (Right)
First Attempt at Using Lines
Ms.Sherry liked the drawing, however, she wanted me to get out of my comfort zone and show more than just my drawing skills. So I began working on another piece. I do most of my work on human portraits and I did not want to create it with any human figures so I looked for animals I can work with.

Reference for Final Work
I Loved the sharpe and pointy edges of the deer and I thought it would fit well with lines and dots. And add more water color to the background.
Development of my work
My Final Work on Lines and Dots

Lecture 7:
Harmony, Movement and rhythm

- Harmony is achieved when unity and variety are effectively combined. It is a design principle that holds all elements together. There are two types of harmony, visual and conceptual harmony.
- Movement is the path our eyes follow when we look at a work of art. An artwork becomes stagnant without movement. Movement can be achieved through lines, tilted elements, blurring, motion lines or afterimages.
Rhythm is a design principle that unifies and shows consistency. It also imbues a sense of order into the design. Rhythm allows the viewer to relax and better comprehend the rest of your design.

Harmony

Movement

Movement (Left) Rhythm (Right)
I found movement interesting so I wanted to choose movement for the exercise. We were supposed to use photography to create the artwork, from which I loved experimenting with long exposure before.

Reference Photos

Reference Photos
My friends and I had already planned to visit Batu Caves and I tried to take photos on the way there and back. Also my friend posed for my photos. So I got to experiment a bit and get different types of movement photos.
Attempt at capturing movement with my friend

Attempt at capturing moment on the road
My Final Work on Movement
FEEDBACK
 Ms.Sherry really liked my work as she said it shows movement very well. At first glance she said that I got the movement just right. She loved the colors and said that it balances well with the background green.

Lecture 8: 
Figure & Ground and Shape & Form

- Shapes are like the brains attempt at resolving an object as recognizable to one's experience. 2 dimensional area created when the ends of lines are joined to enclose areas. The 3 types of shapes are geometric, organic and freeform, and negative/positive.
- Forms are three dimensional. It gives dimension, volume, texture and space.
- Figure is the memorable ground and is seen in front.
- Figure ground segregation is defined as the ability to separate the figure in a picture from the background. The figure in the image stands out from the background.
Figure / Ground 
Forms (Right) Shape (Left)

For this exercise I wanted to create something that was a bit more personal. I wanted to include my little brother in any one of my exercises. I started with looking at artworks that has varieties with portraits and how I can add my little brothers Superhero obsession. The character Flash is his favorite and therefor I wanted to  combine a portrait of him with a flash outfit and logo showing shapes while figure and ground is portrayed as well. 


Reference Photos I Used 
Photo of my little brother I used for Reference
Final Work on Figure / Ground & Shape & Form
Ms.Sherry said she liked my work. She said she knows and have only seen me draw real portraits and to see digital illustration was interesting. She said the illustration was very sweet as I drew my little brother. She liked the colors and noticed the shapes as well as the figure and ground.

Lecture 9:
Proximity, Perspective, Proportion, Unity and Variety

 - Proximity is the grouping and shaping of objects together to make it seem as a unit
- Perspective is used to represent three-dimensional objects in two-dimensional space to make the composition look more natural and realistic. Two kinds of perspective - aerial/atmospheric perspective and linear perspective. Linear includes, 1 point, 2 point and three point perspective
- Proportion is the relationship between two or more elements creating unity and harmony
- Unity creates a sense of wholeness and harmony by placement
- Variety is the diversity of structure, rules, look and feels
Perspective | 1 point | 2 Point | 3 Point

Proximity and Proportion

Unity / Variety

Since perspective is common and it was not a new design principles I got familiar with, I chose something new for my composition. I chose to do a composition on Unity and variety by using water colors. I liked the style of having repetition and it was something I never did before I started studying the design principles. I researched on the different kinds of Unity and variety showed on art works and also water color painting styles to get the idea I had on my mind. 



References I used
Final Work on Unity and Variety

FEEDBACK

Ms.Sherry really liked the colors I used and she said the painting looks very beautiful. 




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